The Tenmile Country and Its Pioneer Families Online
| Due north Adams, Massachusetts | |
|---|---|
| City | |
 The northward side of Main Street in 2012 | |
| Seal | |
| Motto(southward): "We Hold the Western Gateway" | |
 Location in Berkshire County and the state of Massachusetts. | |
| North Adams, Massachusetts Location in the Us | |
| Coordinates: 42°42′Due north 73°seven′W / 42.700°N 73.117°Due west / 42.700; -73.117 Coordinates: 42°42′N 73°7′Westward / 42.700°North 73.117°West / 42.700; -73.117 | |
| Land | Usa |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Berkshire |
| Settled | 1745 |
| Incorporated | 1878 (Boondocks) |
| Incorporated | 1895 (City) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-council urban center |
| • Mayor | Jennifer Macksey |
| Area [one] | |
| • Total | 20.61 sq mi (53.39 km2) |
| • Land | 20.35 sq mi (52.lxx kmii) |
| • Water | 0.27 sq mi (0.69 kmii) |
| Elevation | 707 ft (215 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 12,961 |
| • Density | 636.90/sq mi (245.94/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-five (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-four (Eastern) |
| Nada lawmaking | 01247 |
| Area code(s) | 413 Exchanges: 663, 664 [2] |
| FIPS code | 25-46225 |
| GNIS characteristic ID | 0607610 |
| Website | www |
North Adams is a city in Berkshire Canton, Massachusetts, United States. Information technology is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its population was 12,961 as of the 2020 census.[three] Best known every bit the dwelling of the largest contemporary fine art museum in the Usa, the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, N Adams has in recent years become a center for tourism, culture and recreation.
History [edit]
Early history [edit]
Bird's eye view of North Adams in 1905
North Adams was first settled in 1745 during King George's War.[4] During the state of war, Canadian and Native American forces laid siege to Fort Massachusetts (The Fort's chimney, a rock replica synthetic in the 20th century, is located at the rear of the former Price Chopper Supermarket, behind the former Friendly's). 30 prisoners were taken to Quebec; half died in captivity.
The boondocks was incorporated separately from Adams in 1878, and reincorporated equally a city in 1895. The urban center is named in honor of Samuel Adams, a leader in the American Revolution, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and governor of Massachusetts.[4]
For much of its history, Due north Adams was a factory town. Manufacturing began in the metropolis before the Revolutionary War, largely because the confluence of the Hoosic River'due south two branches provided h2o ability for pocket-size manufacture. By the late 1700s and early 1800s, businesses included wholesale shoe manufacturers; a brick yard; a saw mill; cabinet-makers; chapeau manufacturers; machine shops for the construction of mill machines; marble works; wagon and sleigh-makers; and an ironworks, which provided the hog iron for armor plates on the Civil War ship, the Monitor.[five]
Expansion westwards started with the cosmos of three mill Villages, Blackinton in 1821, Greylock in 1846[6] and Braytonville in 1832, located to take reward of the Hoosac River's water ability. The 1850 census marked the official shift of the town from agriculture to industry, since more factory workers than farmers at present resided in the town.[vii] The use of Chinese strikebreakers in 1870, from California to break the Northward Adams strike at the Sampson Shoe Manufactory (today part of the Mass MoCA circuitous) was an important step in the movement of Chinese from the Due west coast to the East coast, resulting in East declension Chinatowns in the The states. On a national scale, the North Adams Strike became known as the primary trigger to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Human action by the U.S. Congress in 1882.
Northward Adams was as well the headquarters for edifice the Hoosac Tunnel starting in 1851 and completed in 1874, adding an east–west connectedness to Boston and Albany to the existing 1842 rail connection to New York. Prior to that fourth dimension, inter-regional travel was limited to weekly stagecoaches from Albany and Greenfield.[7]
A view from Chase Artery on a rainy solar day, N Adams
Downtown in 1860, Oliver Arnold and Visitor was established with the latest equipment for printing cloth. Big government contracts to supply fabric for the Matrimony Regular army helped the business prosper. During the next iv decades, Arnold Print Works became one of the world's leading manufacturers of printed textiles. It as well became the largest employer in North Adams, with some 3,200 workers past 1905. Despite decades of success, falling cloth prices and the lingering furnishings of the Great Depression forced the company to close its Marshall Street functioning in 1942 and consolidated at smaller facilities in Adams.
Sprague Electric [edit]
Later that yr, the Sprague Electric Company bought the onetime print works site. Sprague physicists, chemists, electric engineers, and skilled technicians were called upon by the U.S. authorities during World War II to design and manufacture crucial components of advanced weapons systems, including the atomic bomb.
With state-of-the-fine art equipment, Sprague was a major enquiry and evolution heart, conducting studies on electricity and semi-conducting materials. After the war, its products were used in the launch systems for Gemini moon missions, and by 1966 Sprague employed 4,137 workers in a community of eighteen,000. From the post-state of war years to the mid-1980s, Sprague produced electrical components for the booming consumer electronics market, merely competition from abroad led to declining sales and, in 1985, the company closed operations on Marshall Street. Its closure devastated the local economy. Unemployment rates rose and population declined.[8]
MASS MoCA [edit]
Later on Sprague closed, business organisation and political leaders in North Adams sought ways to re-use the vast complex. Williams Higher Museum of Art manager Thomas Krens, who would subsequently become Manager of the Guggenheim, was looking for infinite to exhibit large works of gimmicky fine art that would not fit in conventional museum galleries. When mayor John Barrett Three (serving 1984–2009) suggested the vast Marshall Street complex as a possible exhibition site, the thought of creating a contemporary arts middle in North Adams began to take shape.
The campaign to build support for the proposed institution, which would serve as a platform for presenting gimmicky fine art and developing links to the region's other cultural institutions, began in earnest. The Massachusetts legislature announced its support for the project in 1988. Subsequent economic upheaval threatened the project, but broad-based support from the community and the individual sector, which pledged more than than $8 million, ensured that it moved forward. The eventual proposal used the scale and versatility of the industrial spaces to link the facility's past and its new life as the state'south largest center for contemporary visual and performing arts.
Since it opened, the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art (MASS MoCA) has been office of a larger economic transformation in the region based on cultural, recreational, and educational offerings. North Adams has go abode for several new restaurants, contemporary art galleries, and cultural organizations. In addition, in one case-shuttered surface area factories and mills have been rehabilitated as lofts for artists to live and work in.
Geography [edit]
The Hoosic River runs through the city and was essential to its growth, providing power for the mills that were built forth its banks too as those of its branches.
According to the United States Demography Bureau, N Adams has a total area of xx.6 foursquare miles (53.4 kmii), of which 20.iii square miles (52.7 km2) is land and 0.27 foursquare miles (0.7 kmii), or 1.31%, is water.[ix] North Adams is bordered past Clarksburg to the north, Florida to the due east, Adams to the southward, and Williamstown to the west.
North Adams is located in the valley created by the Hoosic River, which has been walled and floored with concrete in portions to prevent floods. The city's Natural Bridge Country Park contains the only natural white marble span in Due north America. Formed by glacial melt by 11,000 BC, the arch and abased quarry have long attracted attention from hikers, including Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1838, who wrote of it (among other local features) in his An American Notebook. To the due east, the urban center is bordered by the western face of the Hoosac Range, with visibility on its Due west Summit extending throughout the tri-country expanse. To the southwest, the city has the northern end of Mountain Greylock State Reservation, catastrophe at Mount Williams, which at ii,951 feet (899 1000) above sea level is the highest betoken in the city. The Appalachian Trail passes through the western office of the city, crossing the summit of Mount Williams and briefly passing through Williamstown before heading north towards Vermont.
Climate [edit]
North Adams has a humid continental climate (Dfb). Winters tin be harsh, with temperatures dropping to 0 °F (−xviii °C) or colder 9 times per year. Summers are warm and pleasant, with temperatures at or above ninety °F (32 °C) four times per year. The record loftier is 96 °F (36 °C), recorded on July viii, 1988, and the record low is −20 °F (−29 °C), recorded on January 24, 2011 and February half-dozen, 2015. On average, 153 days see measurable atmospheric precipitation per year.
| Climate data for North Adams, MA (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1987–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar month | Jan | Feb | Mar | April | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | December | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 68 (twenty) | 76 (24) | 87 (31) | ninety (32) | 92 (33) | 93 (34) | 96 (36) | 94 (34) | 92 (33) | 84 (29) | 77 (25) | seventy (21) | 96 (36) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 32.4 (0.2) | 35.3 (i.viii) | 43.six (half dozen.4) | 56.nine (13.eight) | 68.6 (20.3) | 76.4 (24.7) | 80.9 (27.ii) | 79.0 (26.1) | 72.one (22.iii) | sixty.0 (15.6) | 48.4 (9.1) | 37.6 (3.1) | 57.half dozen (14.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 23.three (−4.eight) | 25.iv (−3.7) | 33.5 (0.eight) | 45.2 (7.3) | 56.2 (13.4) | 64.seven (18.two) | 69.3 (20.7) | 67.5 (19.7) | 60.v (15.eight) | 49.ii (9.vi) | 39.i (3.9) | 29.five (−1.4) | 46.9 (8.iii) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 14.three (−9.viii) | 15.five (−9.2) | 23.5 (−iv.7) | 33.5 (0.8) | 43.9 (six.half dozen) | 53.0 (11.vii) | 57.7 (14.3) | 56.one (13.iv) | 48.8 (nine.iii) | 38.4 (three.6) | 29.vii (−1.3) | 21.5 (−5.eight) | 36.3 (2.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −20 (−29) | −20 (−29) | −14 (−26) | 0 (−18) | 23 (−5) | 33 (1) | 43 (6) | 38 (three) | 28 (−2) | xviii (−8) | i (−17) | −12 (−24) | −xx (−29) |
| Boilerplate precipitation inches (mm) | 2.52 (64) | i.97 (50) | 3.08 (78) | three.12 (79) | 3.73 (95) | iv.41 (112) | 4.xiii (105) | 4.47 (114) | 4.22 (107) | 4.28 (109) | 3.25 (83) | 3.12 (79) | 42.30 (1,074) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11 | 10 | 12 | thirteen | xiv | xv | xiv | 14 | 12 | thirteen | 12 | thirteen | 153 |
| Source: NOAA[10] [eleven] | |||||||||||||
Transportation [edit]
Roads and highways [edit]
North Adams is the western terminus of the Mohawk Trail, which ascends to the West Summit forth a steep, curving road. While the trail ends here, Massachusetts Route ii, which the trail is coextensive with, continues w into Williamstown and towards New York. Route viii also passes through the city, passing from Adams through the urban center and north into Clarksburg. Road 8A, likewise known equally 8A-U (for "upper"), runs parallel to Route eight e of the chief route, and is located entirely within city limits.
The nearest interstate highway is Interstate 91 to the e, well-nigh an hour away. North Adams appears on that highway's signs at Get out 26, located in Greenfield.
Public transportation [edit]
The city is the northern terminus of several lines of the Berkshire Regional Transit Authority (BRTA) and likewise has regional service. Intercity motorcoach service is provided in nearby Williamstown past Peter Pan Lines with connections to New York Urban center, as well equally towns and cities betwixt. North Adams is home to Harriman-and-Westward Airport, a small regional drome. The nearest airport with national service is Albany International Aerodrome. The freight track line which passes through the city extends through the Hoosac Tunnel towards the east. The nearest passenger track service to North Adams is the recently re-routed Amtrak Vermonter in Greenfield, Massachusetts, an hour to the east. Pittsfield, to the south, also has once-daily Amtrak service, the Lake Shore Limited, at its station. There is a proposal known as "Northern Tier Passenger Rail" in the early stages of planning, which would extend MBTA'south Fitchburg Line w through Greenfield and terminate at North Adams. This would be the first passenger rails in the town since service ended in the 1950s.[12]
Demographics [edit]
| Yr | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 10,191 | — |
| 1890 | sixteen,074 | +57.vii% |
| 1900 | 24,200 | +fifty.vi% |
| 1910 | 22,019 | −9.0% |
| 1920 | 22,282 | +i.2% |
| 1930 | 21,621 | −iii.0% |
| 1940 | 22,213 | +2.7% |
| 1950 | 21,567 | −2.9% |
| 1960 | xix,905 | −7.7% |
| 1970 | nineteen,195 | −3.six% |
| 1980 | 18,063 | −v.9% |
| 1990 | xvi,797 | −7.0% |
| 2000 | 14,681 | −12.6% |
| 2010 | 13,708 | −half-dozen.6% |
| 2020 | 12,961 | −five.iv% |
| * = population estimate. Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data.[13] [14] [15] [sixteen] [17] [18] Source: | ||
A business firm on East Main Street
As of the census[20] of 2010, in that location were xiii,708 people, v,652 households, and three,156 families residing in the urban center. The metropolis, which is the smallest in Massachusetts, ranks second (subsequently Pittsfield) out of 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County past population. The population density was 665.iv people per square mile (257.2/kmtwo), ranking it 2nd in the county. At that place were half-dozen,523 housing units at an average density of 316.7 per foursquare mile (122.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.0% White, i.viii% African American, 0.iv% Native American, 1.i% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and two.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of whatever race were 2.4% of the population.
There were five,652 households, out of which 23.6% had children under the historic period of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female person householder with no husband present, and 44.two% were non-families. 39.vii% of all households were fabricated upward of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living solitary who was 65 years of age or older. The boilerplate household size was two.21 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.74% under the age of xviii, 16.ix% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 23.seven% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age eighteen and over, at that place were 89.75 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,020, and the median income for a family was $xc,000. The per capita income for the urban center was $19,857. About 9.0% of families and 22.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those historic period xx or over.
Government [edit]
North Adams is governed by the mayor-council class of government (List of mayors of North Adams, Massachusetts). The urban center has its own services, including police, burn down and public works. The city's public library is the largest in northern Berkshire County, and has access to the regional library networks.
On the state level, North Adams is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives by the Kickoff Berkshire district, which covers northern Berkshire Canton, and is represented past former mayor John Barrett 3 of North Adams (elected in a special election in November, 2017). In the Massachusetts Senate, the metropolis is represented Sen. Adam Hinds (the Berkshire, Hampshire and Franklin district, which includes all of Berkshire Canton and western Hampshire and Franklin counties).[21] The city is patrolled by the Fourth (Cheshire) Station of Billet "B" of the Massachusetts State Police.[22]
On the national level, N Adams is represented in the United States House of Representatives as part of Massachusetts'southward 1st congressional district, and is represented past Richard Neal of Springfield. Massachusetts is currently represented in the United States Senate by senior Senator Elizabeth Warren and junior Senator Ed Markey.
| Voter Registration and Political party Enrollment equally of November viii, 2016[23] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Number of Voters | Percentage | |||
| Democratic | 3,097 | 33.76% | |||
| Republican | 635 | six.92% | |||
| Unaffiliated | five,307 | 57.87% | |||
| Minor Parties | 92 | one.00% | |||
| Full | 9,171 | 100% | |||
Crime [edit]
In December 2018 it was discovered that nearly 1-3rd of aggravated assaults in the urban center have been incorrectly included in federal data, artificially inflating the reported fierce crime rate in North Adams. It is unclear for how long the error has impacted the city'southward crime reports. Equally of August 2020 the metropolis was unable to have the tape corrected in the FBI's official statistics.[24]
Pedagogy [edit]
North Adams operates its ain public school organisation, with three elementary schools (Brayton Elementary Schoolhouse, Greylock Simple School and Colegrove Park Elementary School) and Drury Loftier School, which besides serves several neighboring towns. The city is as well domicile to Charles H. McCann Technical High School, equally well as several individual and parochial schools.
Former schools [edit]
- Johnson Schoolhouse (Closed 1994, Grades PK-5)
- Silvio O. Conte Middle School (Closed June 2009, Grades 6–viii)
- Sullivan Uncomplicated School (Airtight December 2015, Grades Chiliad-7)
- St. Joseph's School (Due north Adams, Massachusetts) (Closed in 1970s)
- Notre Dame school. Closed 1975. Grades K-viii.
Higher education [edit]
Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts (MCLA) enrolls about 1,980 students. The most pop programs are English/Communications, Business concern, Education, History, Fine & Performing Arts, Psychology, and Folklore. Founded in 1894 as North Adams Normal Schoolhouse, in 1932 the Normal School became the Land Teachers College of Northward Adams. In 1960, the higher changed its proper noun to North Adams State College and added professional degrees in Business Administration and Education. In 1997, the name changed to Massachusetts Higher of Liberal Arts, reflective of specialty school status within the Massachusetts State College organization. In contempo years, MCLA has begun to develop more than academic programming in the fields of fine arts and arts management, reflecting the region's growth as a center of arts and cultural affairs.
Beyond MCLA, the nearest state academy is the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The nearest private college is Williams Higher, in neighboring Williamstown.
Culture [edit]
Some of the windows of the Greylock (Cariddi) Mill are being used as an fine art gallery.
The Eclipse Mill was converted into lofts for artists to live and work in.
Arts [edit]
Due to North Adams beingness the location of MASS MoCA, there are numerous art galleries spread throughout the city, and a few of the former mills have been converted to lofts for artists to alive and work in. A new, Frank Gehry-designed Extreme Model Railroad and Gimmicky Architecture Museum is proposed to be congenital in N Adams.[25] [26]
Literature [edit]
Several books have been written virtually the City of North Adams, including "Steeples : Sketches of Due north Adams" by Joe Manning, a blend of poetry, oral histories, and photographs. Steeples details how the confront of America has been changed past the urban renewal projects of the 1960s and 1970s, the turn down of the industrial revolution, and the flight to the suburbs and the shopping malls.
Sports [edit]
The metropolis is abode to the North Adams SteepleCats of the New England Collegiate Baseball League (NECBL). The SteepleCats play at Joe Wolfe Field in North Adams. The SteepleCats hold the NECBL tape for highest single-game attendance. The record was made on July four, 2006, in a game confronting the Holyoke Giants in front of 6,714 fans.[27] Holyoke won the game 3–2.[28]
North Adams' kickoff professional person sports franchise was the Berkshire Battalion, an expansion squad of the Federal Hockey League, which played a unmarried flavor in 2014–15. Troubled past an embezzlement charge against its coach and general manager, who had likewise been manager of the municipal skating ring, and fractious lease negotiations with the metropolis, the team relocated later its single flavour to Dayton, Ohio.
There are many able-bodied complexes and recreational fields throughout the city, including the Noel Field Athletic Complex, just due south of the downtown, and the recently synthetic Alcombright Able-bodied Complex, in the city's w end.
Sites and events of interest [edit]
- Houghton Mansion
- Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts
- Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art
- Natural Span State Park
- Northward Adams Museum of History and Science—North Adams Historical Order
- Western Gateway Heritage State Park
Events
- Fall Foliage Festival[29]
- Solid Sound Festival[30]
National Register of Celebrated Places
- Armstrong Firm
- Beaver Mill
- Blackinton Historic Commune
- The Boardman
- Charles Browne House
- Church Street-Caddy Hill Celebrated District
- H. W. Clark Beige Company
- Crowley House
- Freeman's Grove Celebrated District
- Freight Yard Celebrated Commune
- Hathaway Tenement
- Hillside Cemetery
- Hoosac Tunnel
- Johnson Manufacturing Company
- Johnson School
- Monument Foursquare-Eagle Street Historic District
- Norad Mill
- Wells House
- Windsor Print Works
Notable people [edit]
- Amanda Fifty. Aikens (1833-1892), editor, philanthropist
- Caleb Atwater (1778–1867), archaeologist, politician
- Paul Babeau (born 1969), sheriff, politician
- Andrea Barrett (born 1954), novelist
- Jonah Bayliss (born 1980) MLB relief pitcher
- Daniel East. Bosley (born 1953), land representative
- Grover C. Bowman (1884–1959), educator, president of North Adams State Teachers College[31]
- Harry C. Browne (1878-1954), banjo player and actor
- Gailanne Cariddi (1953-2017), state representatives
- Arthur P. Carpenter, United states of america Marshal for Vermont[32]
- Jack Chesbro (1874–1931), Hall of Fame pitcher
- Martha Coakley (born 1953), Massachusetts attorney general
- Jeremiah Colegrove (1758–1836), early leading citizen
- John Chiliad. Darby (1804-1877), botanist, pharmacist
- Will Durant (1885–1981), philosopher, historian
- Paul Farmer (1959-2022), physician, anthropologist
- Joseph F. Finnegan (1904–1964), labor mediator
- Van Hansis (born 1981), actor
- John Henry Haynes, (1849–1910) archaeologist and photographer
- Peter Laird (born 1954), comic volume artist
- Amy Lee, saxophonist
- Allan Rockwell McCann (1896–1978), vice admiral, USN
- Frank J. Matrango (1926-1996), Massachusetts land legislator
- Martin Melcher (1915–1968), film producer and husband of Doris Day
- Francis Millard (1914–1958), U.S. Olympic Silver Medalist Wrestler
- Thomas Ward Osborn (1833–1898), U.Southward. Senator, Col. in Civil War
- Harrison Potter (1891–1984), classical pianist
- Robert Rheinlander (1880-1961), architect and ceremonious engineer[33]
- John Henry Schwarz, theoretical physicist
- Hiram Sibley (1807–1888), industrialist, philanthropist
- Frank J. Sprague (1857–1934), electrical engineer, inventor
- John St. Cyr (1936-2022)m Massachusetts state legislator and guess
- Jane Swift (born 1965), Massachusetts governor
- Oswald Belfry (1883–1968), basketball official
- Frank Vincent (1939–2017), thespian
- Ashley B. Wright (1841–1897), U.Southward. representative
Come across besides [edit]
- List of mill towns in Massachusetts
References [edit]
Notes
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Demography Agency. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
- ^ "North Adams, MA".
- ^ "Demography - Geography Profile: North Adams city, Massachusetts". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
- ^ a b Spear, Westward. F. (12 November 1885). History of North Adams, Mass., 1749-1885: reminiscences of early settlers: extracts from old town records : its public institutions, industries and prominent citizens, together with a roster of commissioned officers in the War of the Rebellion. Hoosac Valley News Printing House. OL 7071051M.
- ^ "N Adams Marking Monitor Anniversary". iBerkshires.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ https://web.williams.edu/Economic science/ArtsEcon/library/pdfs/NA%20Neighborhoods%2022006.pdf
- ^ a b https://farewelltofactorytowns.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/north-adams-industrializes.pdf
- ^ Dobrowolski, Tony (May 28, 2013). "John L. Sprague Reflects on By, Present Economy". BerkshireEagle.com. Archived from the original on July 26, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Contour Information (G001): North Adams city, Massachusetts". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather condition Information". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
- ^ "Station: North Adams, MA". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.Due south. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Assistants. Retrieved December xi, 2021.
- ^ "Northern Tier Rider Rail Study". Trains In The Valley. 2019-05-xv. Retrieved 2021-08-xvi .
- ^ "Total POPULATION (P1), 2010 Demography Summary File 1, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts". United States Demography Bureau. Archived from the original on Feb 12, 2020. Retrieved September xiii, 2011.
- ^ "1990 Census of Population, Full general Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Demography Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-one-23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table iv. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). 1: Number of Inhabitants. Bureau of the Census. 1952. Department 6, Pages 21-x and 21-11, Massachusetts Tabular array six. Population of Counties by Pocket-size Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-five through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Small Ceremonious Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Small-scale Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June iv, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". U.s. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31 .
- ^ "Senators and Representatives past City and Town". mass.gov. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "Mass.gov". Mass.gov.
- ^ "Registered Voters and Party Enrollment equally of Nov eight, 2016" (PDF). Massachusetts Elections Division. Retrieved 2016-11-19 .
- ^ https://www.reformer.com/stories/northward-adams-violent-crime-states-appearhoped-for-less-dire-than-thought-only-how-tin can-they-correct-the,558303? [ expressionless link ]
- ^ Shanks, Adam (29 August 2017). "Famed architect Frank Gehry to design Extreme Model Railroad and Gimmicky Compages Museum". Berkshire Eagle . Retrieved x September 2017.
- ^ Grub, Andrew (three September 2017). "Frank Gehry to Design Museum for Architectural Gems (and Model Trains)". New York Times . Retrieved ten September 2017.
- ^ NECBL Record Book Archived 2009-07-10 at the Wayback Machine at necbl.com, URL accessed August 16, 2009
- ^ NA v. HOL Boxscore 7/4/06 Archived 2006-08-19 at the Wayback Car at necbl.com, URL accessed August 16, 2009
- ^ http://www.fallfoliageparade.com/index.php?nav_id=1
- ^ "Home". Solid Sound Festival.
- ^ "Biography of Grover Chester Bowman – Access Genealogy". iv July 2011.
- ^ Carleton, Hiram (1903). Genealogical and Family History of the Country of Vermont. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Lewis Publishing Company. p. 105 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "North Adams Transcript Archives, Jul 7, 1961, p. three". newspaperarchive.com. vii July 1961.
Sources
- History of Monument Foursquare
- History of N Adams, Massachusetts (1749-1885)
- History of North Adams Public Library
- History of Sprague Electrical/MASS MoCA site
External links [edit]
- City of Due north Adams official website
- Northern Berkshire Sleeping room of Commerce
- Articles nearly Northward Adams and photos of the city by writer and historian Joe Manning
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Adams,_Massachusetts
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